张艳敏;赵艳;

• 1:南宁师范大学教育科学学院
• 2:广西南宁市江南区教研室

摘要(Abstract)：

如果3—6岁儿童遭受了虐待,那会给他们的认知、身体和社会情感的发展带来严重危害。从身体虐待、性虐待和忽视等行为进行具体分析,了解其对儿童身体、认知和社会发展带来的损害,并深入研究儿童虐待的风险因素和家庭干预问题,得出对3—6岁儿童虐待干预的中心是家庭的结论,干预的主要任务是提高父母的抚育技能,同时要对家庭给予社会网络的支持。

关键词(KeyWords)： 3—6岁儿童;虐待;危害;风险因素;家庭干预

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社科基金资助项目“农村留守儿童性侵防范机制研究”(14BSH086)

作者(Authors): 张艳敏;赵艳;

DOI: 10.16601/j.cnki.issn1002-5227.2019.01.025

参考文献(References)：

• [1] EGELAND B,SROUFE L,ERICKSON M.The development consequences of different patterns of maltreatment[M].Child Abuse and negelect,1983(7):459-469.
• [2] CARLSON B.Emotionally disturbed children’s beliefs and punishment[M].Child Abuse and Neglect,1991(15):19-28.
• [3] DODGE K,PETTIT G,BATES J.How the experience of early physical abuse leads children to become chronically aggressive.In developmental perspectives on trauma:theory,research,and intervention[M].Rochester,NY:university of Rochester press,1991(8):263-288.
• [4] AZAR ST,ROBINSON D,HEKIMIAN E,et al.Unrealistic expectations and problem-solving ability in maltreating and comparison mothers[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1984(52):687-691.
• [5] KOLKO D,MOSER J,WELDY S.Medical/Health histories and physical evaluation of physically and sexually abused child psychiatric patients:A controlled study[J].Journal of Family Violence,1990,5(4):249-267.
• [6] HOFFMAN-PLOMIK D,TWENYMAN C.A multimodal assessment of behavioral and cognitive deficits in abused and neglected preschoolers[J].Child Development,1984(55):794-802.
• [7] HASKETT M,KISTNER J.Social interactions and peer perceptions of young physically abused children[J].Child Development,1991(62):979-990.
• [8] HOWES C,ELDREDGE R.Responses of abused,neglected,and nonmaltreated children to the behavior of the peers[J].Journal of Applied developmental psychology,1985(6):261-270.
• [9] ALESSANDRI S.Play and social behavior is maltreated preschoolers[J].Development and Psychopathology,1991,27(3):191-205.
• [10] BURGESS R,YOUNGBLADE L.Social incompetence and the intergenerational transmission of abusive parental-behavior.In R.Hotaling,D.Finkelhor,&M.Straus(Eds.)[M].New directions in family violence research,1989:38-60.
• [11] BROWN E,KOLKO D.Child victims’ attributions about being physically abused:An examination of factors associated with symptom severity[J].Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,1999,27(4):311-322.
• [12] FANTUZZO J,DELGAUDIO W,ATKINS M,et al.A contextually relevant assessment of the impact of child maltreatment on the social competencies of low-income urban children[J].Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,1998,37(11),1201-1208.
• [13] U.S.Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children,Youth,and Families.Child maltreatment 1998:Reports from the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data Systems[M].Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing office,2002:205-213.
• [14] COSTEFF H,GROSSWASSER Z,GOLDSTEIN R.Long-term follow-up review of 31 children with severe closed head trauma[J].Journal of Neuosurgery,1990(73):684-687.
• [15] FINKEL M.Initial medical management of the sexually abused child.In R.Reece(ed.),Treatment of child abuse[M]. Baltimore,MD:John Hopkins University Press,2000.
• [16] BEITCHMAN J,ZUCKER K,HOOD J,et al.A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,1992,16(1):101-118.
• [17] ELLIOTT D,BRIERE J.Forensic sexual abuse evaluation of older children:Disclosures and symptomatology[J].Behavioral Sciences and the law,1994(12):261-277.
• [18] MANNARINO A,COHEN J.A follow-up study of factors that mediate the development of psychological symptomatology in sexually abused girls[J].Child Maltreatment,1996(1):246-260.
• [19] OLAFSON E,BOAT B.Lont-term management of the sexually abused child:Considerations and challenges.In R.Reece(ed.),Treatment of child abuse[M].Baltimore,MD:John Hopkins University Press,2000:157-168.
• [20] BERLINGER L,ELLIOTT D.Sexual abuse of children.In J.Briere,L.Berliner,J.Bulkey,C.Jenny,&T.Reid(Eds.),The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,2002.
• [21] EINBENDER A,FRIEDRICH W N.Psychological functioning and behavior of sexually abused girls[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1989(57):155-157.
• [22] BYRAM V,WAGNER H,WALLER G.Sexual abuse and body image distortions[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,1995(19):507-510.
• [23] HIBBARD R,ROGHMANN K,HOEKELMAN R.Genitalia in children’s drawings:An association with sexual abuse[J].Pediatrics,1987(79):129-137.
• [24] MANNARINO A,COHEN J,BERMAN S.The Children’s Attributions and perceptions Scale:A new measure of sexual abuse-related factors[J].Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,1994(23):204-211.
• [25] FIERING C,TASKA L,LEWIS M.The role of shame and attributional style on children’s and adolescents’ adaption to sexual abuse[J].Child maltreatment,1998(3):129-142.
• [26] CRITTENDEN P,AINSWORTH M.Child maltreatment and attachment theory.In D.Cicchetti&V.Carslon(Eds.),Child maltreatment:Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1989.
• [27] KATZ K.Communication problems in maltreated children:A tutorial[J].Journal of Childhood Communications Disorders,1992,14(2):147-163.
• [28] ERICKSON M,EGELAND B,PIANNTA R.The effects of maltreatment on the development of young children.In D.Cicchetti&V.Carlson(Eds.),Child maltreatment:Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1989.
• [29] HAFON N,MENDOCA A,BERKWITZ G.Health status of children in foster care[J].Archives of pediatric and Adolescent Medicine,1995(149).
• [30] FERRARA F F.Childhood sexual abuse:Developmental effects across the lifespan[M].Pacific Grove,CA:Brooks/ Cole,2002.
• [31] AZAR S T.A cognitive-behavioral approach to understanding and treating parents who physically abuse their children.In D.A.Wolfe,R.J.McMahon,&R.Peters (eds.),Child abuse:New directions in prevention and treatment across the lifespan[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,1997:78-100 .
• [32] BAUER WD,TWENTYMAN C T.Abusing,neglecting and comparison mothers’ responses to child-related and nonchild-related stressors[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinical psychology,1985,(53):335-343.
• [33] OLDERSHAW L,WALTERS G C,HALL D K.Control strategies and noncomplicance in abusive mother-child dyads:An observational study[J].Child Development,1986,(57):722-732.
• [34] CHANCE T,SCANNAPIECO M.Ecological correlates of child maltreatment:Similarities and differences between child fatality and non-fatality cases[J].Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal,2002,19(2):139-161.
• [35] BELSKY J,VONDRA J.Lessons from child abuse:The determinants of parenting.In C.D.Carlson &V.Carson(Eds.),Child maltreatment:Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1989.
• [36] GAUDIN J,POLANSKY N,KILPATRICK A,et al.Family functioning in neglectful families[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,1996,(4):363-377.
• [37] FINKELHOR D,WILLIAMS L M,BURNS N.Nursery crimes:Sexual abuse in day care[M].Newbury Park,CA:Sage,1988.
• [38] GARBARINO J,KOSTELNY K.Child maltreatment as a community problem[J].Child Abuse and Negelect,1992,(16):455-464.
• [39] CICCHETTI D,TOTH S L.Child maltreatment and attachment organization:Implications for intervention.In S.Goldberg,R.Muir,&J.Kerr(Eds.),Attachment theory:Social,developmental,and clinical perspectives[M].Hillsdale,NJ:Analytic Press,2000.
• [40] DEPANFILIS D.Social isolation of neglectful families:A review of social support assessment and intervention models[J].Child Maltreatment,1996,1(1).